Pipeline, Penstock

Optimum Design of Penstock for Hydro Projects

Penstock, a closed conduit, is an important component of hydropower projects. Various optimum design of penstock. These methods are either based on friction loss in the penstock. These formulae formulae available for penstock design have been compared the optimum design of penstock based on minimizing developed method, diameter and annual cost of penstocks out and reduction in annual cost of pe...

Evaluation of possible penstock fatigue resulting from secondary control for the grid

Due to electricity market deregulation, the contribution of hydroelectric power plants to secondary control becomes of major interest regarding the electrical grid stability. Besides the grid stability improvements obtained with secondary control, the power utilities are more and more concerned by the influence of the constantly changing power set point on the lifetime of the power plant compon...

Pipeline Iteration

This paper presents pipeline iteration, an approach that uses output from later stages of a pipeline to constrain earlier stages of the same pipeline. We demonstrate significant improvements in a state-of-the-art PCFG parsing pipeline using base-phrase constraints, derived either from later stages of the parsing pipeline or from a finitestate shallow parser. The best performance is achieved by ...

Pipeline Engineering

Fuzzy consequence modelling of hydrocarbon offshore pipeline

The traditional event tree analysis uses a single probability to represent each top event. However, it is unrealistic to evaluate the occurrence of each event by using a crisp value without considering the inherent uncertainty and imprecision a state has. The fuzzy set theory is universally applied to deal with this kind of phenomena. The main purpose of this study is to construct an easy metho...